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COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS
Rubber: In India, as in other natural rubber growing countries, NR will most certainly be used in cases where the rubber compound does not have to withstand high temperature, direct sunlight or ozone, and where it does not come into contact with oils, solvents, or chemicals known to attack it. Synthetic rubbers, which are superior to natural rubber in these specific properties, are used depending upon the conditions of service of final product. The typical applications are listed below:- SBR: Used as general purpose rubber.
- Butyl rubber: Low permeability, so used in tubes and inner liners. Good chemical resistance, so used in tank linings. Curing bags and bladders are made of resin-cured butyl to give good heat resistance.
- BR: Good abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance. So it is used for tyre treads (in blends with NR and SBR), solid tyres, conveyor belts, shoe soles, golf balls, and anti-vibration mountings. BR has higher resilience, but as tear resistance is poor, it has to be compounded with higher black and oil, which lowers the resilience and such BR treads generate more heat than do treads based on NR.
- Nitrile rubber: Good oil and solvent resistance.
Rubber Blends
Rubbers are often blended or copolymerized with another polymer, or chemically modified so as to enhance basic properties. Blends will be expected to have properties and price combining those of the individual components and thus, provide both technical and economic advantage. The addition of small amounts of a suitable rubber may improve properties such as oil or ozone resistance or improve processing behaviour. However, it generally does not improve the heat resistance.
Blends of emulsion and solution polymerized rubbers often give processing difficulties. The different rubbers being blended may have differences in viscosities and curing characteristics which may lead to processing difficulties and the final vulcanizate properties of the blend being inferior to the levels attainable with the individual rubbers. The properties adversely affected by non-compatible rubber blends include tensile strength, set, low temperature behaviour, and covulcanizability. Due to the reactivity difference in the blended phases and/or diffusion of vulcanizing agents (which are usually polar) from the less polar to the more polar phase, consistency of blending may be difficult to achieve under factory conditions. Inadequate covulcanization then leads to unfavourable mechanical properties such as inferior tensile properties, and poor dynamic behaviour.
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| Nitrile rubber: Good oil and solvent resistance. |
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